3.1 Answer: The novel 'Gora' written by Rabindranath Tagore is the brightest example of thought and nationalism in Bengali novels. Through this novel, the hatred and conflict between the individual and the society, the society with the religion, the religion with the human truth can be noticed.
3.2 Answer: Gagendranath Tagore is remembered as a caricaturist and a painter of Bengali genre. His cartoons were published in 'Prabasi' and 'Modern Review'. His book 'Birup Bajra' depicts satirical cartoons on various events from 1906 to 1918 such as the English love of Bengali society, various aspects of Bengali character and various aspects of colonial rule.
Answer: Abanindranath Tagore's 'Bharatmata' plays an important role in the development of nationalism among educated and progressive Indians.
Background: Abanindranath Tagore formed a cultural movement parallel to the anti-British political movement in India. For this purpose, during the Swadeshi movement against the partition of Bengal, he painted the image of 'Bharatmata' in imitation of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth of the Hindus.
Swadeshiyana: Abanindranath's quadrangular 'Bharatmata' has Veda, rice husk, rosary and white cloth in four hands. These are basically symbols of Indian civilization, culture and tradition. By these, the artist tried to create a barrier between Swadeshi and nationalism among the people in the era of Swadeshi movement. The armed movement, a symbol of peace, hinders the development of healthy nationalism. Abanindranath's 'Bharatmata' has no weapon in his hand.
Consciousness of Nationalism: In various anti-British movements of the twentieth century, the image of 'Bharatmata' was placed in front of the procession. Renaissance Indian nationalism and the anti-partition Swadeshi movement were the inspirations for drawing 'Bharatmata'.
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